WITHDRAWN: Associations between family support, loneliness, and underlying depression among children and adolescents in the China family panel studies: A mediation analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between depression and family support among Chinese children and adolescents and to investigate whether loneliness could mediate this relationship. METHODS: There were 2755 children and adolescents aged 18 and below from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) that participated in our study. Depression in children and adolescents was assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Binary logistic regression combined with mediation analysis was used to examine the association between family support and depression and the mediating effect of loneliness on this relationship. RESULTS: Of the 2755 children and adolescents, 848 (30.8 %) reported feeling lonely and 310 (11.3 %) reported feeling depressed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with children and adolescents with family support, children and adolescents without family support had a higher risk of loneliness (odds ratio (OR) = 1.668, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.318-2.111) and depression (odds ratio (OR) = 2.252, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.669-3.039). Mediation analysis revealed that loneliness played a partial mediating role in the association between family support and depression (ß = -0.109, P < 0.001), and the mediation proportion was 38.11 %. CONCLUSION: Family support affects depression directly and indirectly through loneliness. The results suggest that parents should provide more support to children and adolescents to reduce the risk of loneliness and underlying depression during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Chinese expert consensus on intestinal microecology and management of digestive tract complications related to tumor treatment (version 2022).

The human gut microbiota represents a complex ecosystem that is composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea. It affects many physiological functions including metabolism, inflammation, and the immune response. The gut microbiota also plays a role in preventing infection. Chemotherapy disrupts an organism's microbiome, increasing the risk of microbial invasive infection; therefore, restoring the gut microbiota composition is one potential strategy to reduce this risk. The gut microbiome can develop colonization resistance, in which pathogenic bacteria and other competing microorganisms are destroyed through attacks on bacterial cell walls by bacteriocins, antimicrobial peptides, and other proteins produced by symbiotic bacteria. There is also a direct way. For example, Escherichia coli colonized in the human body competes with pathogenic Escherichia coli 0157 for proline, which shows that symbiotic bacteria compete with pathogens for resources and niches, thus improving the host's ability to resist pathogenic bacteria. Increased attention has been given to the impact of microecological changes in the digestive tract on tumor treatment. After 2019, the global pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the development of novel tumor-targeting drugs, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and the increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance have posed serious challenges and threats to public health. Currently, it is becoming increasingly important to manage the adverse effects and complications after chemotherapy. Gastrointestinal reactions are a common clinical presentation in patients with solid and hematologic tumors after chemotherapy, which increases the treatment risks of patients and affects treatment efficacy and prognosis. Gastrointestinal symptoms after chemotherapy range from nausea, vomiting, and anorexia to severe oral and intestinal mucositis, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation, which are often closely associated with the dose and toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. It is particularly important to profile the gastrointestinal microecological flora and monitor the impact of antibiotics in older patients, low immune function, neutropenia, and bone marrow suppression, especially in complex clinical situations involving special pathogenic microbial infections (such as clostridioides difficile, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, carbapenem-resistant bacteria, and norovirus).